Shapes and Patterns Class 5 Notes Maths Chapter 7

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Class 5 Maths Chapter 7 Notes Shapes and Patterns

Class 5 Maths Notes Chapter 7 – Class 5 Shapes and Patterns Notes

We see different shapes and patterns everywhere in the nature around us! They can be seen everywhere, from growing plants to the petals of flowers, stripes of zebra, the way birds fly and in arrangement of leaf in trees, these are nature made patterns. We can also see different man-made pattern around us, like: different floor pattern, weaving mat patterns, doormats, baskets, floor mats, hand fans etc. Weaving techniques and patterns are often passed down through generations, preserving cultural heritage and craftsmanship.

→ Weaving is the process of interlacing two sets of threads or strips to make fabric, mats, or baskets. It is a repeated pattern of over and under movements.

→ Weaving patterns are often repeating and symmetrical, and follow certain mathematical rules, like: over, under, over, under….Advanced patterns may include triangles, diamonds, hexagons, etc.

→ Closed figures made up of straight line segments are called polygons.

→ In regular polygons all sides are equal in length, and all angles are equal in measure, (e.g., equilateral triangle, square, regular pentagon).

→ In irregular polygons, sides and/or angles are not all equal.

→ Naming of polygons (number of its sides or vertices) like: Triangle (3), Quadrilateral (4), Pentagon (5), Hexagon (6), Heptagon (7), Octagon (8), Nonagon (9), Decagon (10), etc.

• Square: 4 equal sides, 4 right angles.
• Rectangle: 4 right angles, opposite sides equal.
• Parallelogram: Opposite sides parallel and equal. (It includes squares, rectangles, and rhombus)
• Rhombus: 4 equal sides, opposite angles equal. (A special type of parallelogram)
• Kite: It is a quadrilateral whose four sides can be grouped into two pairs of adjacent equal-length sides.

→ Triangles: Polygon of three sides:

→ Classification of triangles by Sides:

• Equilateral: 3 equal sides, 3 equal angles (60 degrees each).
• Isosceles: 2 equal sides, 2 equal base angles.
• Scalene: No equal sides, no equal angles.

→ A circle is a fundamental two-dimensional geometric shape consisting of all points in a plane that are at a fixed distance from a central point. This fixed distance is called the radius, and the distance across the circle, passing through the center, is the diameter.

→ A repeating pattern of shapes that fit together without any gaps or overlaps are called tessellations. Shapes that tessellate are: Squares, Equilateral Triangles, and Regular Hexagons.

→ A net is a 2D pattern that can be folded to make a 3D solid.

→ The icosahedron and dodecahedron are two of the five platonic solids, meaning they are convex polyhedral with identical faces that are all regular polygons. The icosahedron has 20 faces, all equilateral triangles, and 12 vertices. The dodecahedron has 12 faces, all regular pentagons, and 20 vertices.

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