Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Extra Questions and Answers SST Part 2 Chapter 3

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Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Extra Question Answer

Extra Questions of Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Very Short Question Answer

Question 1.
What does the term Swarajya signify?
Answer:
Swarajya signifies complete self-governance without foreign control.

Question 2.
Who was the founder of Sikhism?
Answer:
The founder of Sikhism was Guru Nanak in the 15th century.

Question 3.
What was the Ahom light boat named?
Answer:
Ahom light boat was named Bachari.

Question 4.
Who constructed the Jagdish Temple in Udaipur?
Answer:
Maharana Rana Jagat Singh constructed the Jagdish Temple in Udaipur.

Question 5.
What were Sikh military units called?
Answer:
Sikh military units were called misals.

Question 6.
Who commanded Ahom forces at Saraighat?
Answer:
General Lachit Borphukan commanded Ahom forces in Saraighat.

Question 7.
Who introduced the policy of Sulh-i-kul?
Answer:
Mughal Emperor Akbar introduced the policy of Sulh-i-kul.

Question 8.
Where is Senji Fort located?
Answer:
Senji Fort is located in Villupuram district, Tamil Nadu.

Question 9.
Who defeated Muhammad Ghuri in 1178 CE?
Answer:
Queen Naiki Devi defeated Muhammad Ghuri in 1178 CE.

Question 10.
Who was Akbar’s chief revenue officer?
Answer:
Raja Todar Mai was Akbar’s chief revenue officer.

Question 11.
Which treaty granted Mewar autonomy?
Answer:
Mughal-Mewar treaty of 1615.

Question 12.
Who translated the Ramayana into Telugu?
Answer:
Potter’s daughter Atukuri Molla.

Question 13.
What were Indian money-changers called?
Answer:
Money-changers were called sarrafs.

Question 14.
Where is the Vitthala Temple located?
Answer:
Capital city of Vijayanagara.

Question 15.
Who led the 1669 Jat uprising?
Answer:
Local leader Gokul Jat.

Question 16.
Which Ahom capital fell in 1662?
Answer:
Ahom capital of Garhgaon.

Question 17.
Who established the Akal Takht?
Answer:
Sixth Guru, Guru Hargobind.

Question 18.
Which temple did Ahilyabai rebuild in Varanasi?
Answer:
Kashi Vishwanath Temple.

Question 19.
What is non-material divine name worship?
Answer:
Devotional singing of nam kirtan.

Question 20.
Who founded the Vijayanagara Empire?
Answer:
Brothers Harihara and Bukka.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Short Question Answer

Question 1.
Describe the impact of the Iqta system on local peasants.
Answer:
Introduced by the Delhi Sultanate in 1206, the iqta system granted land areas to military commanders to collect revenue instead of cash salaries. This centralised administrative system placed heavy financial pressure on local farmers, making revenue collection strict and burdensome across rural communities.

Question 2.
Explain the meaning of ‘resilience ’ and ‘resistance’ as defined in the context.
Answer:
Resilience is the capacity of different communities and kingdoms to absorb hardship, adapt, and survive political turmoil while preserving inherited cultural traditions. Resistance means actively challenging external threats through diplomacy, warfare, alliances, or political actions to protect sovereignty, identity, and power. Together, resilience acts as the foundation that enables long-term political resistance.

Question 3.
How did the Bhil community assist Maharana Pratap during the Battle of Haldighati?
Answer:
During the Battle of Haldighati in 1576, the Bhil community provided crucial military, planning, and supply support to Maharana Pratap. Familiar with the Aravalli terrain, they acted as local guides and used their archery skills and mastery of guerrilla warfare to ambush Mughal armies. To honour this alliance, Maharana Pratap included Bhil warrior in Mewar’s state emblem with a Rajput warrior. This gesture shows his immense respect for the Bhil community and gratefulness of their brave guidance.

Question 4.
What was the significance of the Battle of Khanua (1527)?
Answer:
Fought in 1527, the Battle of Khanua took place between Central Asian conqueror Babur and Rana Sanga of Mewar, who had formed an alliance of Rajput rulers. Babur’s victory, in this battle, became a major turning point in Indian political history, opening the way for the establishment and expansion of Mughal power throughout the Indian Subcontinent.

Question 5.
How did the Ahom kingdom use its geography to defeat foreign invaders?
Answer:
The Ahoms avoided direct open warfare against larger imperial forces. Instead, they utilised their knowledge of dense forests, heavy rainfall, monsoon flooding, and the river routes of the Brahmaputra Valley to launch guerrilla attacks, execute Surprise ambushes, and disrupt enemy supply lines effectively. These tactics depict Ahoms’ resilience against foreign invaders and their unity in defending their homeland and preserving their sovereignty.

Question 6.
How was the Vijayanagara Empire established and protected by natural barriers?
Answer:
Founded in 1336 near Hampi by brothers Harihara and Bukka, Vijayanagara was created to resist Sultanate expansion in southern India. The empire was naturally protected by a rugged, rocky landscape and the Tungabhadra River, allowing it to flourish as a secure and wealthy trade centre.

Question 7.
What role did Kumara Kampana play in southern resilience?
Answer:
Kumara Kampana, son of Bukka, led military campaigns that defeated the Madurai Sultanate after decades of conflict. His victories protected southern traditions, restored sacred idols in major centres like the Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple at Srirangam, and re-established local political autonomy.

Question 8.
Describe the achievements of King Krishnadevaraya of Vijayanagara.
Answer:
Rule under King Krishnadevaraya marked the peak of the Vijayanagara Empire. He expanded territories by defeating rival Deccan powers, issued generous financial grants to major temples like Tirupati and Vitthala, supported literature in multiple languages, and transformed his capital into an architectural centre.

Question 9.
Describe the role of Banjaras and Caravans in the Indian economy.
Answer:
Banjaras were traveling merchant groups who transported agricultural produce, salt, and goods between rural villages and large urban markets. Overland merchant groups called caravans connected domestic markets to Central Asia, driving trade growth and regional economic integration.

Question 10.
What role did temples play as judicial and educational centres?
Answer:
Temples served as educational hubs by promoting traditional arts, literature, and classical dances like Bharatanatyam. In several regions, head priests exer¬cised judicial authority by delivering legal judgments, enforcing penalties, and managing local public revenue and land disputes.

Question 11.
How did Sufism spread across the Indian subcontinent?
Answer:
Sufism spread through teaching lineages called silsilahs, like Chishti, Suhrawardi, Naqshbandiya, and Qadiriyya. Sufi teachers interacted with common people using regional languages like Hindavi and Bengali, conducted community welfare at hospices (khanqahs), and incorporated local practices like yogic breathing (habs-i-dam).

Question 12.
Why did Jat farmers revolt against the Mughals in the 17th century?
Answer:
Jat farming communities in the Ganga-Yamuna region faced severe financial hardship due to heavy tax burdens imposed by Mughal administrators. Combined with discriminatory religious policies, Jat farmers and local zamindars revolted in 1669 and 1686 to protect their economic livelihoods.

Question 13.
Explain the concept of Miri-Piri introduced in Sikhism.
Answer:
Introduced by Guru Hargobind, miri-piri established dual leadership combining spiritual guidance (piri) with temporal power (miri). Spiritual authority was centered at Harmandir Sahib, while political and legal matters were managed at the Akal Takht to protect the community from oppression.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Long Question Answer

Question 1.
Discuss the confederacies and resistance of the Rajput dynasty during 1200-1500 CE.
Answer:
The establishment of the Delhi Sultanate in 1206 CE introduced a centralised administration system, including the iqta system. Granting land to military commanders created heavy financial strain on local farmers. Furthermore, the destruction of temples during military campaigns triggered widespread political self-defense and cultural resistance. Regional kingdoms such as the Kakatiyas, Yadavas, Hoysalas, and Rajputs repeatedly challenged Sultanate expansion. Areas like Mewar, Malwa, Gwalior, Awadh, Etawah, and Jalore rejected Sultanate governance and preserved their autonomy. This collective regional resistance successfully contained the Delhi Sultanate, protecting traditional aocial, economic, and religious practices across various parts of the Indian subcontinent.

Question 2.
Provide a brief introduction of the Vijayanagara Empire and Nay aka Dynasty. Explore their resilience against Mughal expansion.
Answer:
Foundation and Peak Growth:
Founded in 1336 near Hampi by Harihara and Bukka, the Vijayan¬agara Empire served as a powerful South Indian shield against northern invasions. It reached its peak under King Krishnadevaraya through territorial growth, eco¬nomic stability, and architectural patronage. Following the central empire’s decline, its provincial military governors—the Nayakas—emerged as autonomous ruling dynasties.

Resilience Against Mughal Expansion:
Shielded by rugged terrain and the Tungabhadra River, Vijayanagara acted as a southern fortress halting northern advances. Following its 1565 defeat at Talikota, southern resistance decentralised under local Nayaka rulers. Leaders like King Muthu Virappa Nayak III of Madurai openly defied Mughal authority, successfully preserving regional independence, religious traditions, and political identity well into the late 17th century.

Question 3.
How did Rajput-Mughal relations evolve through the dual paths of strategic diplomacy and military resistance following Babur’s early victories?
Answer:
Following Babur’s victory at Panipat (1526) and Khanua (1527), Mughal-Rajput relations evolved along two distinct paths: strategic diplomacy and active military opposition. Rulers like the Kachhwahas of Amber formed alliances, receiving high imperial ranks (mansabs) while retaining control over ancestral lands (watan jagir). Conversely, Mewar offered continuous resistance. When Akbar captured Chittor in 1568, Rana Udai Singh retreated to the Aravalli Hills. Maharana Pratap continued the struggle at Haldighati (1576), utilizing guerrilla tactics and Bhil support to win back territory at Dewair (1582). Maharana Amar Singh sustained resistance against Jahangir until a 1615 treaty granted Mewar internal autonomy without personal court attendance.

Question 4.
Discuss the geographical knowledge, tactical warfare, administrative and military strength of the Ahom Kingdom.
Answer:
Geography and Tactical Warfare:
The Ahom state preserved its political independence in Assam from 1228 to 1826 through exceptional adaptability and military organisation. Rather than engaging in open field battles, Ahom commanders utilized dense forests, monsoons, and river routes against foreign invaders.

Administrative and Military Strength:
Using the Paik administrative system, the kingdom mobilised citizen-soldiers efficiently. On the Brahmaputra River, swift bachari boats gave the Ahom navy a decisive advantage over Mughal fleets. Even after losing Garhgaon in 1662, King Jayadhvaj Singha quickly reclaimed independence. Finally, General Lachit Borphukan’s historic victory at Saraighat (1671) established the Brahmaputra as a permanent border, keeping Assam unconquered.

Question 5.
What was the Marathas’ idea of Swarajya? What role did the fortresses play to achieve it?
Answer:
Ideology of Swarajya:
In 1674, Chhatrapati Shivaji established an independent Maratha state centered on Swarajya – complete self-governance free from foreign imperial control. Utilising martial skills and deep knowledge of Deccan terrain, the Marathas effectively challenged Mughal dominance.

Role of Hill Fortresses:
Strategic fortresses like Sinhagad, Raigad, and Senji acted as administrative centers, armories, and military bases for guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava). These self-sufficient forts contained reliable water reservoirs and granaries designed to survive years of enemy sieges. Emperor Aurangzeb spent over two decades in the Deccan, but Maratha resistance completely exhausted Mughal military and financial resources.

Question 6.
How did early Indian rulers defend their sovereignty against foreign invasions?
Answer:
Between the 7th and 12th centuries, Indian kingdoms faced continuous foreign invasions driven by territorial expansion. The high agricultural surplus from river plains generated national wealth but also attracted invaders. To safeguard sovereignty, Indian rulers formed strategic regional and pan-Indian confederacies. In the mid-7th century, rulers in Rajasthan, Kashmir, and the Deccan repelled early Arab invasions. Later, despite Mahmud of Ghazni’s attack in 1001 CE, dynasties like the Chauhans, Chandellas, and Solankis maintained fierce resistance. Notably, Queen Naiki Devi defeated Muhammad Ghuri in 1178 CE. While parts of northern India fell to Turkic rule by the late 12th century, regions in Assam, Odisha, and southern India remained completely free from Turkic control.

Question 7.
Discuss two key significance of the Bhakti tradition in the Indian Subcontinent.
Answer:
Cultural Preservation Through Local Language:
Between the 11th and 17th centuries, the Bhakti tradition transformed Indian society by promoting direct personal devotion without costly rituals or formal institutions. Saints composed oral poetry in local languages, such as Lal Ded’s vakhs in Kashmir and Kabir’s dohas in Uttar Pradesh.

Social Inclusivity and Adaptation:
When temples faced destruction, followers adapted by practicing non-material devotion like nam kirtan and sankirtan. The movement embraced women like Andal, Mirabai, and Bahinabai, along with working-class saints like potter Atukuri Molla. By uniting diverse communities through shared devotion, Bhakti provided cultural strength during periods of political instability.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Competency Based Questions

Question 1.
Evaluate the role of financial instruments and merchant networks in sustaining long-distance trade during political instability.
Answer:
During periods of political instability, traditional cash movements were risky due to highway robbery and conflict along trade routes. Indian merchant networks overcame these challenges by relying on non-monetary financial instruments, primarily the hundi. Acting as a credit bill of exchange, the hundi allowed merchants to transfer large sums of money securely across long distances without physically carrying gold or silver coins.

This financial system was managed by money changers (sarrafs) and their local agents (gumasthas), who maintained trusted commercial credit channels between village markets, inland trading centres, and coastal ports. Additionally, traveling merchant groups like banjaras and caravans maintained vital supply flows. Because these merchant networks operated independently of central political empires, trade and artisan production continued to thrive even during dynastic wars, providing economic resilience across the subcontinent.

Question 2.
How did Indian regional groups adapt their socio-religious practices to maintain cultural continuity during times of political conflict?
Answer:
Indian regional communities demonstrated extraordinary adaptability by shifting socio-religious practices from grand institutional centres to decentralised, non-material forms of worship during times of political conflict. When major temples were destroyed or restricted during military campaigns, devotees turned away from costly rituals and physical shrines. Instead, they embraced the Bhakti tradition, which emphasised simple personal devotion through oral poetry, nam kirtan (reciting divine names), and community gatherings (satsangs). Saints composed verses in everyday regional languages, enabling people to memorise and carry spiritual teachings anywhere.

Architecturally, builders constructed plain ‘haveli temples’ hidden inside narrow residential lanes without tall spires (shikharas) to protect sacred idols from targeted destruction. By moving devotion into households, public singing (sankirtan), and regional literature, Indian society preserved its inherited cultural values and spiritual identity despite ongoing political changes.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Skill Based Questions

Question 1.
Imagine you are a modern historian investigating a medieval regional rebellion. How would you use primary travelogues, such as those written by Niccolao Manucci, to uncover the true dynamics of the uprising?
Answer:
(Suggestive Answer)
Finding the Truth Beyond Official Records: King’s official reports often hid or downplayed rebellions to make the empire look peaceful. Travelers like Manucci wrote down what they actually saw, showing that rebellions—like the Jat farmer uprising—lasted much longer than royal records claimed.

Understanding Why People Fought:
Travel diaries explain the real reasons people fought. Manucci showed that farmers rebelled because of heavy taxes and unfair rules, proving that ordinary villagers and local leaders fought together.

Getting a Complete Story:
By comparing traveler diaries with official government papers, historians get a complete and fair picture of how local communities resisted imperial rule.

Question 2.
If you were a medieval military architect designing a fort to survive a multi-year siege, what key structural features would you prioritise based on historical designs?
Answer:
(Suggestive Answer)
Based on historical fort designs like Senji, Sinhagad, and Raigad, I would prioritise structural self-sufficiency, defensive security, and strategic communication to survive long sieges. First, I would build double-layered thick stone defensive walls along elevated hill tops, guarded by high watchtowers for early enemy detection. Second, water security would be ensured by constructing deep rain-harvesting wells and internal step-wells to guarantee a continuous water supply. Third, large subterranean granaries and annories would be built near the administrative area to protect food and weapons from enemy bombardment. Fourth, the entrance would feature narrow, curving pathways to prevent direct cavalry charges, allowing small military units to defend against thousands. Finally, hidden escape routes and secret postern gates would be included to allow secret movement for messengers seeking outside help, ensuring long-term defense and survival.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Case/Source Based Questions

Read the passages carefully and answer the questions that follow:

1. “Relations between the Mughals and Rajput states developed based on strategic goals. While the Kachhwaha Rajputs of Amber established cooperative agreements and received mansabs, Mewar offered steady resistance under Maharana Pratap using guerrilla warfare in the Aravalli Hills, culminating in the formal treaty of 1615 under Jahangir.”

Question 1.
What policy did the Kachhwaha Rajputs of Amber adopt toward Mughal power?
Answer:
The Kachhwahas adopted a policy of strategic diplomacy and alliance, establishing cooperative agreements with Mughal emperors to maintain peace and local governance.

Question 2.
What administrative positions were granted to allied Rajput nobles by Mughal emperors?
Answer:
Mughal emperors granted allied Rajput nobles high official positions and ranks called mansabs within the imperial administration.

Question 3.
Which military strategy did Maharana Pratap use against Mughal forces in Mewar?
Answer:
Maharana Pratap used guerrilla warfare, launching surprise raids and ambushes against Mughal supply lines from the rugged terrain of the Aravalli Hills.

Question 4.
What was the outcome of the 1615 treaty signed between Mewar and Emperor Jahangir?
Answer:
The 1615 treaty recognised Mewar’s internal autonomy and exempt its rulers from attending the Mughal court in person.

Question 5.
Why did the Mughal Empire seek a peaceful settlement with Mewar?
Answer:
Mughals sought peace because Mewar was strategically located along crucial commercial trade routes leading to the wealthy coastal port of Surat.

2. “During the 11th and 17th centuries, the Bhakti tradition transformed India’s spiritual culture through devotional songs in regional languages. Emphasising inclusion, equality, and personal devotion without reliance on formal institutions, followers adapted to temple destruction by practicing non-material worship like nam kirtan and community satsangs across various regions.

Question 1.
What core social values were emphasised by the Bhakti movement?
Answer:
The movement strongly emphasised social equality, inclusion, humility, and direct personal devotion to God without relying on costly rituals or formal religious institutions.

Question 2.
How did Bhakti saints make spiritual teachings easily accessible to common people?
Answer:
Bhakti saints rejected formal Sanskrit rituals and composed simple devotional songs and poetry in local regional languages. This allowed ordinary people to easily memorize, recite, and share spiritual ideas.

Question 3.
How did devotees adapt when physical temples were destroyed or restricted?
Answer:
Devotees adapted by practicing non-material forms of worship, such as reciting divine names (nam hirtan) and holding communal devotional gatherings (satsangs).

Question 4.
Name two female figures who contributed to the Bhakti tradition as mentioned in the summary.
Answer:
Poet-saints Lai Ded from Jammu and Kashmir, and Atukuri Molla from Andhra Pradesh made significant contributions to the Bhakti movement.

Question 5.
Why was the Bhakti movement considered resilient during political turmoil?
Answer:
It was resilient because spiritual devotion was carried in the memories, oral songs, and daily practices of ordinary people rather than fixed stone structures.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Picture Based Questions

Observe the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

Question 1.
What was a hundi used for during the medieval period in India?
Answer:
A hundi was used as a financial bill of exchange, functioning similarly to modern bank cheques for commercial transactions.

Question 2.
How did the hundi system benefit merchants travelling long distances?
Answer:
It provided a safe and dependable method for transferring money across long distances without carrying heavy physical cash.

Question 3.
Which specialised group operated and managed the hundi commercial network?
Answer:
Money-changers called sarrafs managed the network along with their local business agents known as gumasthas.

Question 4.
How did financial instruments like hundis impact the broader Indian economy?
Answer:
They enabled large-scale long-distance commerce, linked inland markets to coastal ports, and sustained economic growth during political instability.

Question 5.
Did central imperial rulers directly manage the hundi credit system?
Answer:
No, the hundi network was independently managed by regional merchant communities, sarrafs, and local banking agents.

Resistance and Resilience 1000-1700 CE Class 9 Map Based Questions

Identify the following places, then mark and label them accurately on the provided outline map of India.

Question 1.
Fortin Tamil Nadu declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2025.
Answer:
Senji / Gingee Fort (Tamil Nadu)

Question 2.
Site where Lachit Borphukan defeated Mughals.
Answer:
Saraighat (Guwahati, Assam)

Question 3.
Capital city of Vijayanagara Empire.
Answer:
Hampi (Karnataka)

Question 4.
Famous sacred city where Ahilyabai Holkar rebuilt the Kashi Vishwanath Temple.
Answer:
Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh)

Question 5.
Major port town on the Coromandel coast famous for printed cotton textiles.
Answer:
Masulipatnam (Andhra Pradesh)

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